The Politics Of Preventable Deaths Local Spending,...

Reaction Paper 3. The Politics of Preventable Deaths: Local Spending, Income Inequality, and Premature Mortality in US Cities. The article focuses on juxtaposing income inequality and premature mortality rate, with several variables. These are: â€Å"percentage in poverty†, â€Å"percentage non-Hispanic Black†, â€Å"Income inequality measured by the Gini coefficient†, â€Å"city financial expenditures† â€Å"mayoral type† and â€Å"party affiliation† (Ronzio, Pamuk, Squires 176). In their survey of the existing literature, the researchers sought to reveal connections between a high level of income inequality within a community, and an elevated level of mortality. In so doing, they attempted to shed light on â€Å"geopolitical disparities in health.† (Ronzio, Pamuk, Squires 175). In terms of methodology, the researchers employed data (on persons aged 75 and below) from the Census bureau, to represent population size and race. Data on mortality was obta ined from the CDC’s interactive database, which can be queried for all causes of death, location, external injuries, etc. They chose ten circumstances surrounding a given person’s death and catalogued their frequency in 138 cities. Those most noteworthy are â€Å"(1) motor vehicle accidents, †¦ (2) all other accidents, ... (5) suicide, ... (6) homicide and legal intervention,..† (176). The researchers analyzed city spending, using data made available by The Office of Social and Economic Data Analysis (OSEDA). They surveyed all spending on public services,

British Culture and Society - 2168 Words

r PREPARATIONS FOR BRITISH CULTURE AND SOCIETY 1. The features of the United Kingdom’s culture The culture of the United Kingdom is rich and varied, and has been influential on culture on a worldwide scale. It is a European state, and has many cultural links with its former colonies, particularly those that use the English language. The origins of the UK as a political union of formerly independent states has resulted in the preservation of distinctive cultures in each of the home nations. Britains culture and creativity is flourishing as never before, whether in creative industries such as advertising, music and film, or in the visual and performing arts. Like the US, Britain is proud of its multicultural heritage and diversity.†¦show more content†¦Highways in Commonwealth countries generally begin with a N for national (e.g. N3) meaning they traverse the entire country or M for motorway (e.g. M25) meaning they traverse only through or around a city (the M25 is a circular highway around London). Or R for route. There is a very good reason behind the highway marking system in the USA. Highways marked â€Å"US† (i.e. the famous US 66), the lower numbers start in the northeast and get higher as they move southwest. However, for highways marked Interstate (such as I-75 going from Michigan to Florida), lower numbers start in the southwest, with road numbers getting higher as they go to the northwest. This was to help prevent confusion and overlapping numbering, as the Interstate highway system was created after many â€Å"US-##† highways had been created 4. The approaches to deal with immigrant groups and their cultures In dealing with immigrant groups and their cultures, there are essentially four approaches: Monoculturalism: In some European states, culture is very closely linked to nationalism, thus government policy is to assimilate immigrants, although recent increases in migration have led many European states to experiment with forms of multiculturalism. Leitkultur (core culture): A model developed in Germany by Bassam Tibi. The idea is that minorities can have an identity of their own, but they should at least support the core concepts of the cultureShow MoreRelated The British Music Invasion: The Effects on Society and Culture1349 Words   |  6 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;â€Å"So the British invasion was more important as an event, as a mood: than as music† (Bangs, 171). This was the British invasion. I wasn’t just about the music, it was more then that; this is what makes it so unique. It didn’t just happen to effect America by chance, it lifted the spirits and moods of its youth. It isn’t just coincidence that Kennedy was assassinated right before the Beatles famous Ed Sullivan Show performance. The whole country was in a deep depressiveRead MoreCultural Interactions between the British and the Native Characters1012 Words   |  5 Pagesnative Indians and their colonialists the British. It considers if there may be a possibility of personal relationships between the natives the British so as to develop a mutual satisfaction. In this novel he, tries to consider if the natives can be able to connect with the British, and vice versa (Forster, 1979: 26). The novel explores the Anglo-Indian friendshi p, paying attention to describing the two societies that are to be found there; natives and the British. Throughout Forster’s novel, he exploresRead MoreEssay on UK described in 6 Hofstede dimensions1027 Words   |  5 Pagessecond-largest urban area in the European Union 3. The culture of the United Kingdom is the pattern of human activity and symbolism associated with the United Kingdom and its people. The UK has been described as a cultural superpower, and London has been described as a world cultural capital. If we explore the British culture through the lens of the 6-D Model, we can get a good overview of the deep drivers of British culture relative to other world cultures. Let us consider each dimension. 4. Power distance Read MoreThe Development of New Ethnic Identities such as Black British or British/Asian1366 Words   |  6 Pagesof New Ethnic Identities such as Black British or British/Asian When referring to British Asians, the majority of us often fall into the trap of understanding the Asians referred to are linked to the Indian Subcontinent, i.e. India, Pakistan etc. What we tend to forget is that Asians are associated with a number of different countries and with Asia being the largest continent in the world, what exactly is meant by the term British Asians? Generally, here in BritainRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart952 Words   |  4 PagesWhen outsiders encounter a culture unlike their own they tend to make misconceptions about that culture. The British see the Igbo culture as dark and gory. Achebe sees it as a fully functioning society. The Nigerian community may seem odd and not functional when in actuality it is functional. For a society to be functional, it must have a culture as well as properties of a civilization. The British judge it as dysfunctional, but this is irrelevant to whether the society truly is or isn’t functionalRead MoreVictorian Era Gender Roles and the Development of Women’s Football in England1054 Words   |  5 Pagesdevelopment of women’s football in Britain during the 19th century illustrates the transformation of gender roles in British culture in the context of Victorian era values and women’s football: â€Å"‘The Cultures of sport in Britain have been distin ctively male, rooted in masculine values and patriarchal exclusiveness’† Through the introduction of female football into British society the system of Victorian values were challenged by expanding gender roles. The institution of women’s soccer in the lateRead MoreThe People Of The British Empire1710 Words   |  7 Pagespeople of the British Empire often saw their colonisation of other lands as a ‘civilising mission’ – an act to bring ‘civilised’ society – that is, their own culture – to the colonised people, who were often referred to as ‘savages’. This was believed for a variety of reasons, including the notion that the British way of life was superior to others, and that it was therefore in the colonised people’s best interests, the belief that a lack of technology was synonymous with a lack of culture, and someRead MoreThe Importance Of Intercultural Communication1057 Words   |  5 Page stelecommunication and transportation technology make it easier for people to travel, do business or communicate across the world. Communicating with people from a wide range of cultures or intercultural communication is highly possible in many situations such as diplomacy, businesses and education. Understanding of differences between cultures can help improve communication effectiveness (Trenholm, 2016). Moreover, intercultural understanding is beneficial for avoiding misunderstanding among people who haveRead MoreAbina Paper1264 Words   |  6 PagesCoast of Africa, escaped slavery and declared herself a free women. The Gold Coast became a British protectorate in 1834 and experienced some political turmoil with the transition of powers. The British governed the area under their crown and expected the natives to adhere to the rules of their empire. Problems arose when enforcing their government involved impeding on their newly joint economy. The British magistrates had concern wi th trial cases concerning â€Å"important faces† of the natives. In Abina’sRead MoreFriendship And Cultural Discourse During Colonial India Essay1162 Words   |  5 PagesLevine’s The British Empire, we can start to unwrap the dichotomy that evolved within the political climate of British colonization in India. In the historical fiction, interactions between the characters exhibit the limitations of friendship of between the Anglos and Indians. In colonial India, the cultural identity of both the rulers and the ruled strengthened. Consequentially, friendship between Anglos and Indians demonstrated to be impossible because of a disconnection between British and Indian

Authorial intent free essay sample

In the novel, Montana 1948, written by Larry Watson, a story of a young boy named David and the events of a cataclysmic summer holidays are recounted. Set in the heart of North America in the 19th century, when Native Americans were considered B class citizens and persecution was inevitable ever since the Europeans first arrived on the continent. David matures in a short span throughout the text from naivety to maturity as a result of the series of horrendous events he experiences. The murder and sexual assault of Marie Little Soldier evokes a case in which Wes, David’s father and sheriff of the county must re-moralise his choices as his brother Frank is to blame. The obligation to justice is a reoccurring theme throughout the novel in addition to abuse of power, loyalty, and, morality. The Hayden family encompassing David’s grandfather Julian, Julian’s son Frank, and Wes, all carry extreme power in the community of Bentrock; with this power they have freewill almost. Watson uses the characters, themes and events as dolls to portray to the audience his authorial intent. A significant theme in Montana 1948 is morality which is linked in with loyalty also. Wes, David’s father has important choices to make between loyalty to his brother, loyalty to his wife, loyalty to an employee of the family and loyalty to the justice system. ‘Are you telling me this because I’m Frank’s brother? Because I’m your husband? Because I’m Marie’s employer Or because I’m the sheriff? ’ These four sides Wes looks upon to take are the moral dilemma. If he stays loyal to his brother, his family, he is doing the morally correct thing. However if he puts his brother in jail for committing the awful crimes he did that is also the moral thing to do. Throughout this novel Wes seriously changes his attitude towards the crime and his brother, from once stating that he will not do anything to ‘arrange’ Frank’s punishment ‘in this life’ to ‘I had to arrest him’ he ‘has run afoul of the law’ in quite a larger time frame proves to the audience that Watson believes making moral decisions is not something that is quick and easy, these importance choices take time and morality is not a game. Wes realises that Frank’s crimes outweigh the reasons to stay loyal to his brother. The seriousness of Wes’s tone when he decides to arrest his brother proves to the readers what Watson is saying, moral choices are not something to be played with. Furthermore, that there are a lot of attributing factors to someone making the ‘right’ decision and what is right in the mind of one may also be wrong or immoral in the mind of another. Directly linked to this is the theme justice. Justice to the powerful system that Wes works in, the law. As sheriff of Bentrock County, Wes has a responsibility to punish those who commit unlawful crimes. Julian, Wes’s father treats Frank’s crimes as a joke and David notices this ‘Now he’s got himself a good looking white woman for a wife†¦ that better keep him off the reservation’. Julian treats Frank’s occurrences lightly and this disgusts not only David but the rest of the family. Justice would tell Wes that Frank’s actions deserved punishment in return, without Justice Frank would not stop ‘That’s not the way it works. You know that sins – crimes, are not supposed to go unpunished. ’ Around this time however, America was quite an unjust place to live in. The Sioux were treated as a lower class to the white Americans and their opinion was not respected. Therefore the decision Wes was to make as to punish his brother for sexual assault were not purely based on the crime itself; it was also based on the social opinion of those around him. ‘†¦after what I observed as a child in Bentrock. I could never believe in the rule of law again’ David says this as Bentrock to him symbolises injustice. The events that fell in the summer of 1948 sum up that law to David is a failure and has no power when in the hands of law-handlers themselves. In the end it’s up to the power holder, not the law. This is what Watson is trying to say. Prevailing throughout the novel is also the theme of abuse of power under the Hayden name. The Hayden family in this story are a symbolism for the law. Watson uses them to show the readership how the law and justice are constantly abused and loop holes are found as ways out to punishments that should be deserved. Such as when Wes arrests Frank he puts him in the basement instead of jail. ‘They can’t arrest us, we are the law’ Wes is quoting Julian to Gail. This shows that the Hayden’s do not respect the law as they use it how they please to get things they want. They are able to do this because of their position in the system and the community, Wes is the sheriff of Bentrock as this has been passed on from his father. Julian’s position of power as David’s first impression implies ‘he wanted, he needed, power’. Watson’s authorial intent is that if you are of high social class then you are almost free to do whatever you like, the law is in your hands because people will believe anything you say. Unlike someone such as Marie, being Native American lowers people’s ability to believe what she says. Montana 1948, written just after the World War II period around a time of racial inequality for the Native Americans encompasses numerous themes such as morality, justice and abuse of power. Watson’s authorial intent is made clear throughout the novel by using these themes as well as a range of symbols. Such as the Hayden family themselves, symbolising the law.

Redemption in The Kite Runner Essay Essay Example

Redemption in The Kite Runner Essay Paper It is merely natural for worlds to do errors. merely like Amir in the novel The Kite Runner. but it is how the errors are resolved that will order 1s destiny. The chief character of The Kite Runner. Amir. knows a thing or two about doing errors. What he struggles with throughout the novel is happening salvation for those errors. Throughout all phases of Amir’s life. he is endeavoring for salvation. Whether Amir is stating the incorrect thing or concealment from a hurtful truth. he ever finds new things he will hold to deliver himself for. That is why salvation is a immense underlining subject in The Kite Runner. When Amir is a kid. he feels his male parent blames him for his mother’s decease and can non love him. He does everything he can believe of to seek and do up for the errors he made in the yesteryear. Since Amir feels his male parent does non love him. he thinks of ways to do things right with him. Amir sees Baba as a perfect higher presence that he could neer am ount to. We will write a custom essay sample on Redemption in The Kite Runner Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Redemption in The Kite Runner Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Redemption in The Kite Runner Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer When the kite running competition comes around he takes this chance to turn out to his male parent that he can be more of an â€Å"ideal† boy to Baba. finally acquiring salvation for everything his male parent has non approved of. Amir sees Baba as a perfect male parent figure because everyone looks up to him. Amir could neer populate up to Baba’s outlooks of him and that is where the subject of salvation comes to play between these two characters. Although Amir impresses his male parent by winning the kite running competition. he ends the twenty-four hours by aching his best friend in a awful manner and one twenty-four hours he will hold to happen a manner to do up for it. Amir and Hassan are two inseparable kids. but their relationship is unusual because Hassan is Amir’s retainer. Amir is neer really nice to Hassan. but Hassan would neer turn his dorsum on Amir. This is apparent when he says. â€Å"For you a thousand times over† . Amir makes a immense er ror one twenty-four hours by aching Hassan and it takes a really long clip for him to happen a manner to deliver himself. The kit running competition was supposed to be the best twenty-four hours of Amir’s life. He would win. and gain his dad’s unconditioned love one time and for all. but things are non ever as they seem. Although Amir did win the competition. something went really incorrect. Hassan will ever hold Amir’s back. until the twenty-four hours he dies he would make anything for him. When Amir cut the last Kite down from the sky. Hassan decided to run it. Assef and his two friends didn’t precisely want Hassan to convey the kite back to Amir. Amir is a really evil immature male child and since Hassan would make anything for Amir. he refuses to manus the kite over to Assef. Hassan’s concluding act of courage consequences in his colza and Amir’s following large error. Amir watches Assef and his friends rape Hassan. but he does nil to assist his friend. Amir goes many old ages cognizing this information but neer tells anyone. but what goes about comes around. When everything eventually catches up with Amir. he is a adult adult male. Thingss in Amirâ⠂¬â„¢s life have eventually settled down. but now the yesteryear is brought back up ; he must travel happen salvation one time more. Amir survived his childhood. made a good life for himself and marries a beautiful Afghan adult female named Soraya. One thing Amir is deprived of in his life is the ability to hold kids. Amir’s inability to hold kids could perchance be looked at as coincidental or symbolic to him doing damagess for his past errors and scruples. Amir receives a phone call from his father’s old friend Rahim Khan. Although Rahim is deceasing. he asks Amir to come visit him in Afghanistan. Amir shortly realizes that the chief ground Rahim Khan asked him to see was non to see him before he died. but because Rahim wants to assist Amir win in making his concluding salvation. Rahim Khan has known about the kite running competition for Amir’s full life. and he has a manner for him to seek and put things right. Hassan. who is dead now. has a boy. but he is an orphan male child. The Taliban has taken over Afghanistan and they killed Hassan and his married woman in cold blood. Sohrab. who is Hassan’s boy. has been taken by the Taliban as payment for the orphanhood. Rahim Khan puts Amir up to the challenge of traveling to happen Sohrab and giving him a proper place. He states. â€Å"I have a manner to do things right again† . In order for Amir to deliver his yesteryear with Hassan. he must travel and happen Sohrab. who is the ultimate symbol of salvation in Amir’s life. Finding Sohrab was Amir’s greatest achievement. it was the ultimate salvation for all the evil and unfair things that have haunted his yesteryear. Amir fails to stand up for himself and others. as a kid. As an grownup. he redeems his uncourageous yesteryear by puting it right with the aid of some really close household members. Amir goes through many phases in his life. but he ever seems to be delivering himself for something. Sometimes life seems to work out in the terminal. and the hunt for salvation may non ever be easy. as witnessed in Amir’s instance. However. a strong will and finding can assist steer the route to salvation and possible forgiveness.

Max Beckmanns Self Portrait in Bowler Hat

Max Beckmanns Self Portrait in Bowler Hat Free Online Research Papers A sixteen year old female slowly walks around the art museum. She passes by numerous art works, not paying too much attention. Music cascades through her head as she stops dead in her tracks. In front of her is a drawing of a man with lines and shading that express mood and emotion, something she has never seen in the art books at school. The piece was Max Beckmann’s â€Å"Self Portrait in Bowler Hat†. From the first time I saw this piece over ten years ago I have been infatuated with it. It is often difficult to express what it is about a piece of art that grabs at you and what it exactly is that makes you overjoyed to stare at it for countless hours. One piece that appeals to one could be appalling to another. The best way that I can describe my attraction to this piece is by my first reaction, which was the emotion shown with simple lines. The harsh angles and high contrast still draw me to this piece. I have always enjoyed black and white work because I feel that colour can sometimes be a distraction to the lines and shapes. This initial reaction has led me to research this piece and drew enthusiasm once the topic was presented. The piece itself was created in 1921 in Germany. It is 12 5/16 by 9 5/8 inches. The medium used is dry point. This piece is also one in a large self portrait series done by Max Beckmann. In the series, he explored many different media, including dry point, lithographs and woodcuts. This series also represents nearly a quarter of his print production and also spanning most of his career. Later on, he would produce work of circus entertainers as well as a variety of themes. In understanding this artist and the piece itself, it is necessary to understand and research the context, or what was happening in Germany and in the world during this period of time. The most notable event is , of course, World War I. Beckmann worked both before and after the war. In the years leading up to the war, his work evolved into grand compositions of religious and mythical subjects in the tradition of Eugene Delacroix, Peter Paul Rubens and Rembrant van Rijn. The war interrupted his work and after serving as a medical volunteer for a year, he suffered a breakdown and was discharged to Frankfurt in 1915 to recuperate. When he began to paint again in earnest in 1917, his style changed radically, assuming a Northern Gothic sensibility couched in a Modern idiom. His forms became more mannered and polished; his colours became more intense, and his rendering of space took on a vaguely Cubist orientation, with figures compressed into torturous settings and angular forms tilting p recariously toward the picture plane. His works became a mosaic of contemporary social criticism and religious or mythical themes, and he increasingly used masked or costumed circus characters as allegorical figures, a practice that became a hallmark of his art. Max Beckmann was also considered to be an artist of the Weimar Republic. Weimar Republic refers to the years (1919-1933) in German history. Politically and economically, the nation struggled with the terms and reparations imposed by the Treaty of Versailles (1918) that ended World War I, and endured punishing levels of inflation. 1920s Berlin was at the hectic center of the Weimar Culture. The fourteen years of the Weimar were also marked by explosive intellectual productivity. German artists made significant cultural contributions in the fields of literature, art, architecture, music, dance, drama, and the new medium of the motion picture. Political theorist Ernst Bloch described Weimar culture as a Periclean Age. During the era of the Weimar Republic, Germany became a center of intellectual thought at its medieval universities, and most notably social and political theory (especially Marxism) was combined with Freudian psychoanalysis to form the highly influential discipline of Critical Theory- with its development at the Institute for Social Research (also known as the Frankfurt School) founded at the University of Frankfurt am Main. With the rise of Nazism and the ascension of Adolf Hitler to power in 1933, many German intellectuals and cultural figures fled Germany for Turkey, the United States, the United Kingdom, and other parts of the world. Those who remained behind were often arrested, or detained in concentration camps. This is why, in 1947, Beckmann fled to the United States. It was the war that dramatically changed his view of the world and influenced his art heavily. Max Beckmann himself began creating this work with his anguished scenes of surgery in a World War I hospital and culminated in the relatively large lithographs of â€Å"Hell†, his horrific ten print assessment of post-World War I Germany, published in 1919. This includes depictions of the murders of the left-wing political leaders Karl Liednecht and Rosa Luxembourg. After his work in the war, his art changed dramatically into a more skeptical and sometimes pessimistic sense of human capacity, which was expressed by a distortion of form and space. The piece itself was created in 1921, which World War I took place from 1914-1918. In 1919, there was the Treaty of Versailles in which Germany lost colonies and land to it’s neighbors and had to pay large scale reparations. Due to that, the Weimar Republic came into control, which was marked by high unemployment and rampant inflation. Germany’s inability to pay the reparations to other countries resulted in economic collapse by 1923. By the year 1929, global depression and mass unemployment had taken hold. However, Beckmann had risen out of this depression and by the mid 1920’s had become one of Germany’s foremost modern painters. Beckmann was initially received by his local audience in a positive manner. Unfortunately, the Nazo regime did not appreciate his views towards war and publicizing it on a world wide audience. â€Å"He was persecuted by the Nazis in the 1930s but continued to work, painting his celebrated secular triptychs in the late 1930s and the 1940s† (artifact.com). His work was exemplary of the Neue Sachlichkeit (New Objectivity), which was a short lived movement that was distinguished by the rejection of Expressionism and the revival of Realism. Of course part of Beckmann’s strength is that more than any German artist of his generation, he paid keen attention to new developments in Paris and elsewhere, assimilating them into concepts of space, composition and colour indelibly his own. Beckmann’s personal growth is visible in the progress of his expressive self-portraits, this one which shows the artist with narrowed eyes and clamped jaw, confident and intractable. It is also evident in his increasingly powerful and claustrophobic sense of composition in which shapes, as much as people, generate friction and compete for space. And it is clear in the increasing complexity with which he handles the different print techniques, achieving in each one a distinctive richness of texture, variety of line and sharpness of light. This piece still has much to offer us in the present day as well. Without looking at the date or the artist’s country of birth, we can see the influences of cubism, expressionism and even realism. We can also sense a feeling of tension by the harsh lines, sharp angles and high contrast. Looking further into the piece and through research, we can see a clear connection to war, depression and even death. We can also see the artist’s attitude in regards to himself by the expression on his face and his body language. â€Å"What Beckmann was, was a painter of history but not one who made pictures filled with public personalities or recognizable events. Primal scenes of degradation, yearning and exile were his specialty, complex reckonings with anxiety and grief. In his lifetime Europe would tear itself apart twice in world wars. And once the Nazis got wind of him, they put 10 of his canvases in their infamous show of degenerate art in 1937. The day after it opened, he fled Germany with his wife Quappi, first for Amsterdam, then, after the war, for the U.S., where he died of a heart attack at the edge of New York Citys Central Park.† (Lacayo, Richard). Beckmann’s work is bound to remind viewers what that critic of an earlier age was getting at. This piece would work well in a history class as an inquiry about World War I due to the fact that it tells a story, a history lesson if you will. In accordance with Marxist theory, this piece does â€Å"reveal and support the institutions of society†. It tells the story of Nazi Germany after the war, both revealing it to the world and supporting the situation. In addition to the historical implications of this piece, it also still inspires many artists by the innovation involved. I believe that it is just as celebrated in present time as it was eighty six years ago at the time of its creation. The above information gives a brief insight to what the artist did, what he was thinking at the time of the production, as well as how the world today perceives it and how I personally feel about the piece. These are things to be taken into consideration when deciphering a meaning behind a piece as well as the implications within a class room. The history intertwined within the piece without even knowing the context can be still be felt. A story is being told with simple lines. This is something that I wish my students to grasp and be able to reproduce a story or a scene without an explanation necessary (although still present). Lacayo, Richard (2003). The German Question. Time South Pacific (Australia/New Zealand edition); 7/28/2003 Issue 29, p65-65, 1p, 2c (2005). Artist Summary: Max Beckmann. Retrieved 21 September 2007 from artfact.com/features/viewArtist.cfm?aID=22764 Lesson Objectives for Max Beckmann’s â€Å"Self Portrait in Bowler Hat† 1.) Ask students if they know any famous self portraits 2.) Tell them we will be studying a piece from 1921, created in Germany and ask if they know anything about that time period and place. 3.) Give power point presentation on piece and artist analysis, content and context. 4.) Ask how Beckmann portrayed a story in his piece. 5.) Show other pieces that tell a story about a time period or event and ask how they portray that particular theme. 6.) Brainstorm ideas about possible personal pieces individually, with a partner, then as a class. 7.) Work on own self portrait involving a story. Students will then be presented with a criteria guide as well as a requirement to write a story that correlates with their piece. Research Papers on Max Beckmann’s â€Å"Self Portrait in Bowler Hat†Hip-Hop is ArtThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionGenetic EngineeringAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeThe Fifth Horseman19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and

Biography of Ho Chi Minh, President of North Vietnam

Biography of Ho Chi Minh, President of North Vietnam Ho Chi Minh (born  Nguyen Sinh Cung; May 19, 1890–September 2, 1969) was a revolutionary who commanded the communist North Vietnamese forces during the Vietnam War. Ho Chi Minh also served as the prime minister and president of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. He is still admired in Vietnam today; Saigon, the citys capital, was renamed Ho Chi Minh City in his honor. Fast Facts: Ho Chi Minh Known For: Ho Chi Minh was a revolutionary who led the Viet Cong during the Vietnam War.Also Known As: Nguyen Sinh Cung, Nguyen Tat Thanh, Bac HoBorn: May 19, 1890 in Kim Lien, French IndochinaDied: September 2, 1969 in Hanoi, North VietnamSpouse: Zeng Xueming (m. 1926–1969) Early Life Ho Chi Minh was born in Hoang Tru Village, French Indochina (now Vietnam) on May 19, 1890. His birth name was Nguyen Sinh Cung; he went by many pseudonyms throughout his life, including Ho Chi Minh, or Bringer of Light. Indeed, he may have used more than 50 different names during his lifetime. When the boy was little, his father Nguyen Sinh Sac prepared to take the Confucian civil service exams in order to become a local government official. Meanwhile, Ho Chi Minhs mother Loan raised her two sons and daughter and was in charge of producing the rice crop. In her spare time, Loan regaled the children with stories from traditional Vietnamese literature and folk tales. Although Nguyen Sinh Sac did not pass the exam on his first attempt, he did relatively well. As a result, he became a tutor for village children, and the curious, smart little Cung absorbed many of the older kids lessons. When the child was 4, his father passed the exam and received a grant of land, which improved the familys financial situation. The following year, the family moved to Hue; 5-year-old Cung had to walk through the mountains with his family for a month. As he grew older, the child had the opportunity to go to school in Hue and learn the Confucian classics and the Chinese language. When the future Ho Chi Minh was 10, his father renamed him Nguyen Tat Thanh, meaning Nguyen the Accomplished. Life in the United States and England In 1911, Nguyen Tat Thanh took a job as a cooks helper aboard a ship. His exact movements over the next several years are unclear, but he seems to have seen many port cities in Asia, Africa, and France. His observations gave him a poor opinion of French colonials. At some point, Nguyen stopped in the United States for a few years. He apparently worked as a bakers assistant at the Omni Parker House in Boston  and also spent time in New York City. In the United States, the young Vietnamese man observed that Asian immigrants had a chance to make a better life in a much freer atmosphere than those living under colonial rule in Asia. Introduction to Communism As World War I drew to a close in 1918, leaders of the European powers decided to meet and hash out an armistice in Paris. The 1919 Paris Peace Conference attracted uninvited guests as well- subjects of the colonial powers who called for self-determination in Asia and Africa. Among them was a previously unknown Vietnamese man who had entered France without leaving any record at immigration and signed his letters Nguyen Ai Quoc- Nguyen who loves his country. He repeatedly attempted to present a petition calling for independence in Indochina to the French representatives and their allies but was rebuffed. Although the political powers of the day in the western world were uninterested in giving the colonies in Asia and Africa their independence, communist and socialist parties in Western countries more sympathetic to their demands. After all, Karl Marx had identified imperialism as the last stage of capitalism. Nguyen the Patriot, who would become Ho Chi Minh, found common cause with the French Communist Party and began to read about Marxism. Training in the Soviet Union and China After his introduction to communism in Paris, Ho Chi Minh went to Moscow in 1923 and began to work for the Comintern (the Third Communist International). Despite suffering frostbite to his fingers and nose, Ho Chi Minh quickly learned the basics of organizing a revolution, while carefully steering clear of the developing dispute between Trotsky and Stalin. He was much more interested in practicalities than in the competing communist theories of the day. In November 1924, Ho Chi Minh made his way to Canton, China (now Guangzhou). For almost two and a half years he lived in China, training about 100 Indochinese operatives and gathering funds for a strike against French colonial control of Southeast Asia. He also helped organize the peasants of Guangdong Province, teaching them the basic principles of communism. In April 1927, however, Chinese leader Chiang Kai-shek began a bloody purge of communists. His Kuomintang (KMT) massacred 12,000 real or suspected communists in Shanghai  and would go on to kill an estimated 300,000 across the nation over the following year. While Chinese communists fled to the countryside, Ho Chi Minh and other Comintern agents left China entirely. On the Move Ho Chi Minh had gone overseas 13 years earlier as a naive and idealistic young man. He now wished to return and lead his people to independence, but the French were well aware of his activities and would not willingly allow him back into Indochina. Under the name Ly Thuy, he went to the British colony of Hong Kong, but the authorities suspected that his visa was forged and gave him 24 hours to leave. He then made his way to Moscow, where he appealed to the Comintern for funding to launch a movement in Indochina. He planned to base himself in neighboring Siam (Thailand). While Moscow debated, Ho Chi Minh went to a Black Sea resort town to recover from an illness- probably tuberculosis. Declaration of Independence Finally, in 1941, the revolutionary who called himself Ho Chi Minh- Bringer of Light- returned to his home country of Vietnam. The outbreak of World War II and the Nazi invasion of France created a powerful distraction, allowing Ho Chi Minh to evade French security and reenter Indochina. The Nazis allies, the Empire of Japan, seized control of northern Vietnam in September 1940 to prevent the Vietnamese from supplying goods to the Chinese resistance. Ho Chi Minh led his guerrilla movement, known as the Viet Minh, in opposition to the Japanese occupation. The United States, which would formally align itself with the Soviet Union once it entered the war in December 1941, provided support for the Viet Minh in their struggle against Japan through the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), the precursor to the CIA. When the Japanese left Indochina in 1945 following their defeat in World War II, they handed over control of the country not to France- which wanted to reassert its right to its Southeast Asian colonies- but to Ho Chi Minhs Viet Minh and the Indochinese Communist Party. Japans puppet emperor in Vietnam, Bao Dai, was set aside under pressure from Japan and the Vietnamese communists. On September 2, 1945, Ho Chi Minh declared the independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, with himself as president. As specified by the Potsdam Conference, however, northern Vietnam was under the stewardship of Nationalist Chinese forces, while the south was under the control of the British. In theory, the Allied forces were there simply to disarm and repatriate remaining Japanese troops. However, when France- their fellow Allied Power- demanded Indochina back, the British acquiesced. In the spring of 1946, the French returned to Indochina. Ho Chi Minh refused to relinquish his presidency  and was forced back into the role of guerrilla leader. First Indochina War Ho Chi Minhs first priority was to expel the Chinese Nationalists from northern Vietnam, and in February 1946 Chiang Kai-shek withdrew his troops. Although Ho Chi Minh and the Vietnamese Communists had been united with the French in their desire to get rid of the Chinese, relations between the parties broke down rapidly. In November 1946, the French fleet opened fire on the port city of Haiphong in a dispute over customs duties, killing more than 6,000 Vietnamese civilians. On December 19, Ho Chi Minh declared war on France. For almost eight years, Ho Chi Minhs Viet Minh fought against the French colonial forces. They received support from the Soviets and from the Peoples Republic of China under Mao Zedong after the Chinese Communists victory over the Nationalists in 1949. The Viet Minh used hit-and-run tactics and their superior knowledge of the terrain to keep the French at a disadvantage. Ho Chi Minhs guerrilla army scored its final victory at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu, a masterpiece of anti-colonial warfare that inspired the Algerians to rise against France later that same year. In the end, France and its local allies lost about 90,000 troops, while the Viet Minh suffered almost 500,000 fatalities. Between 200,000 and 300,000 Vietnamese civilians were also killed. France pulled out of Indochina completely. Under the terms of the Geneva Convention, Ho Chi Minh became the leader of northern Vietnam, while U.S.-backed capitalist leader Ngo Dinh Diem took power in the south. Vietnam War At this time, the United States subscribed to domino theory, the idea that the fall of one country in a region to communism would cause the neighboring states to topple like dominoes as well. In order to prevent Vietnam from following in the steps of China, the United States decided to support Ngo Dinh Diems cancellation of the 1956 nationwide elections, which would very likely have unified Vietnam under Ho Chi Minh. Ho Chi Minh responded by activating the Viet Minh cadres in South Vietnam, who began to wage small-scale attacks on the Southern government. Gradually, U.S. involvement increased, until the country and other U.N. members were involved in all-out combat against Ho Chi Minhs soldiers. In 1959, Ho Chi Minh appointed Le Duan the political leader of North Vietnam, while he focused on rallying support from the Politburo and other communist powers. Ho Chi Minh remained the power behind the president, however. Although Ho Chi Minh had promised the people of Vietnam a quick victory over the Southern government and its foreign allies, the Second Indochina War, also known as the Vietnam War, dragged on. In 1968, he approved the Tet Offensive, which was meant to break the stalemate. Although it proved a military fiasco for the North and the allied Viet Cong, it was a propaganda coup for Ho Chi Minh and the communists. With U.S. public opinion turning against the war, Ho Chi Minh realized that he only had to hold out until the Americans got tired of fighting and withdrew. Death Ho Chi Minh would not live to see the end of the war. On September 2, 1969, the 79-year-old leader of North Vietnam died in Hanoi of heart failure, and he did not get to see his prediction about American war fatigue play out. Legacy Ho Chi Minhs influence on North Vietnam was so great that when the Southern capital of Saigon fell in April 1975, many of the North Vietnamese soldiers carried posters of him into the city. Saigon was officially renamed Ho Chi Minh City in 1976. Ho Chi Minh is still revered in Vietnam today; his image appears on the nations currency and in classrooms and public buildings. Sources Brocheux, Pierre. Ho Chi Minh: A Biography, trans. Claire Duiker. Cambridge University Press, 2007.Duiker, William J. Ho Chi Minh. Hyperion, 2001.Gettleman, Marvin E., Jane Franklin, et al. Vietnam and America: The Most Comprehensive Documented History of the Vietnam War. Grove Press, 1995.

Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Entrepreneurship - Essay Example The entire process of investigating demand and supply patterns of given product in a given business environment, and establishment of businesses to address the potential and existing demand entails the process of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship refers to the act of collecting and incorporating business ideas aimed at achieving purposeful and unique innovation in the production of a given product or service (Carsrud and Malin 7). Innovation in the context of entrepreneurship may result in various advantages such as introducing new or improved product in the market, new production techniques, and identification of newer markets for a product or service as well as identifying new source of supply of raw materials. It is imperative to understand that entrepreneurship is not only about starting of new business organization, but can also involve ideas to improve the state and performance of an existing organization. Importance of Entrepreneurship to America Entrepreneurship is a powerfu l tool for economic growth in any country. It is because of entrepreneurship and presence of globally acclaimed entrepreneurs that the American nation tops the list of world’s best performing economies. ... Since entrepreneurship involves creation and introduction of new ideas, it has helped the development of research and innovation in the American economy. About two out of three innovations in America are as result of entrepreneurship. These innovations have eased production processes while improving the quality of products, accomplishments that have collectively spurred the growth rate of the American economy (Bordogna 13). Since entrepreneurship entails creation of new opportunities, it has empowered and facilitated the development and growth of national wealth (Miller). Income earned by entrepreneurs and their employees has expanded public expenditure as people purchase raw materials and finished products of entrepreneurship, encouraging national production. Bordogna adds that entrepreneurship has helped in providing self sufficiency to the American populace as people can afford and easily find what they need for their consumption (13). Self –sufficiency in the American econ omy also relates to increased local production of goods and services that ensure cheap and affordable prices for goods and services. Characteristics of Successful Entrepreneurs Entrepreneurs are individuals with the brains bearing or capacity to exhibit entrepreneurial skills. Entrepreneurs identify business opportunities, gather and collect ideas that they use to establish businesses or improve state of particular firm. For entrepreneurs to emerge successful in implementing their ideas, they have to exhibit or posses particular characteristics. Unique ambition is one of the defining characteristics required of an entrepreneur. Ambition helps entrepreneurs to face the potential competition in the given industry with aims on achieving the desired goals (Gitman and Carl 14). Entrepreneurs are